NonViolent Action - Philosophy
Saint Francis of Assisi
For most modern people, St. Francis brings to mind an "animal
lover" (he is always depicted with a bird on his shoulder). As
was said about Thoreau, this can be said much more so for Francis, "an
example of the practicability of virtue, the deep-rooted individual who has the
power to awaken his neighbors from their torpid lives of expediency to lives of
principle." He is a powerful reminder that Faith in a Loving
God must be at the core of anyone hoping to practice NonViolent Action. Below
we will see how he surmounted the same hurdles blocking parents from
action: lack of love, loss of money, dependency on intellect, desire for
violence.
Preach the gospel at all times. If necessary, use words. - St. Francis
For those of you who may be unfamiliar with
his history. Francis was born in the early Middle Ages to a well-to-do
family. It was a violent time, local cities warred on each other for
"pride" and it appeared everyone was chasing wealth and power.
He felt himself called to take on a monumental task, the renewal of Christian
ideals within the people. He did it, not by trying to control their behavior,
but by changing his own. Many people seeking reform become depressed
by the size of the problem. "How can my little sacrifice make a
difference?" Francis reminds us that when we act with Love &
Faith, there is always a good effect. Certainly on ourselves -- and that
should be enough. Will it be enough to change the others & the world -- that
is beyond our control. As Gandhi would also say, when we become
too concerned about "results", we lose the power to act with
conviction.
His was an example of humility and
poverty. He renounced all he owned and was quite willing to suffer and make a fool of himself to convert his
listeners. The excerpts below are not from a biography, but from a novel based on his
life (for a scholarly work on his life, see our
bibliography). The incidents described may seem fantastic, but they are consistent with his
actual life and methods -- he was truly unique. God's "little buffoon"
caused many 'doctored' and 'propertied' people to give away all they had in pursuit of
real joy.
From the preface by Nikos Kazantzakis
(author of "Zorba the Greek")
Everywhere about me, as I wrote, I sensed the Saint's invisible presence;
because for me Saint Francis is the model of the dutiful man, the man who by means
of ceaseless, supremely cruel struggle succeeds in fulfilling our highest obligation,
something higher even than morality, truth, or beauty: the obligation to transubstantiate
the matter which God entrusted to us, and turn it into spirit.
Preaching the 'new madness'
Francis was visible at the edge of the square, hopping, dancing, his
robe was tucked up. "Come one, come all!" he was calling. "Come, brothers
to hear the new madness!"
Behind him ran a hoard of laughing children, chasing him and throwing
stones . . . He, calm and laughing, turned from time to time, held out his arms to the
children, and shouted, "Whoever throws one stone at me, may he be once blessed by
God; whoever throws two stones at me, may he be twice blessed by God; whoever throws
three stones at me, may he be thrice blessed by God" -- whereupon a continuous stream
of stones rained down upon him.
Blood was flowing now from his forehead and chin . . . He was jumping and
dancing rapturously, all covered with blood. "Hear, brothers," he sang,
"hear the new madness!" . . .
"Tell us, tell us, tell us!" came from every side, accompanied
by a chorus of guffaws.
Francis mounted the steps of the temple, opened his arms to the jeering
crowd and screamed: "Love! Love! Love!" Then he began to run from one end of the
square to the other, jumping, dancing, shouting . . .
"Peace be unto you!" he said to each person who approached.
"Peace be unto you!" When a great number had assembled and the square was full
he spread his arms. "Peace," he shouted, "peace be unto your hearts, your
houses, your enemies. Peace be to the world! The kingdom of heaven is at hand!"
Can you Sacrifice Wealth?
. . . a merchant named Bernard of Qunitavalle came up to Francis. He dealt
in cloth just as Sior Bernardone [Francis' Father] did . . . He had heard about Francis,
and had laughed at first, thinking that all this fixing of churches, kissing of lepers,
undressing in public and returning the clothes he was wearing to his father was but a new
series of pranks on the part of Bernardone's pampered son. And now here he was
holding a bell and making the rounds of the streets preaching, as he said, a new madness.
Bernard was unable to understand exactly what the "new madness" was . . .
Could it be that God was truly giving him the strength to resist hunger, nakedness, and
scorn? . . .
"A thought has been tormenting me, Sior Francis," he said.
"Take pity on me and sooth my heart."
Francis clasped Bernard's hand and made him stand up. "I am
listening, Brother Bernard. Not I, but God, will soothe your heart. Tell me your
troubles."
"A great nobleman gave me a large treasure to keep for him. I have
guarded it for many years, but now I plan to go on a long, dangerous journey. What should
I do with this treasure?"
"You should return it to the man who entrusted it to you, Brother
Bernard. Who is this great nobleman?"
"Christ. All my wealth I owe to him: it is His. How then can I return
it to him?"
. . . As soon as we reached the Piazza San Giorgio, Bernard inserted his
key and opened his shop. Standing on the threshold, he cried: "Whoever is poor,
whoever is unclothed -- come! In the name of Christ, I am distributing all my
goods."
. . . How the people ran! Women, girls, old men, ragamuffins: how their
eyes shown, how avidly they stretched forth their hands in the Sunday air! And
Bernard, laughing, enjoying himself, joked happily with this one, teased that one, while
with the large pair of shears he held in his hand he cut the cloth and distributed his
wealth.
From time to time Francis turned to him. Bernard would sigh: "What
joy this is, Brother Francis! What a relief!"
Father Silvester happened to pass by. The sight of Bernard pillaging and
scattering his possessions made the priest's heart break in two. "What a shame such
wealth should go to waste!" he murmured. . . . He stopped and watched, shaking his
head. Francis divined what he was thinking.
"Father Silvester, you remember what Christ says, don't you? Forgive
me if I remind you. 'If you want to be perfect, distribute your possessions to the poor,
and you shall earn a great treasure in heaven.' So, why are you shaking your head?"
Father Silvester coughed, turned fiery red, and went on his way.
Francis felt distressed at having hurt him. "Father Silvester, Father
Silvester!" he shouted. The priest turned. "I reminded you of
Christ's words. Forgive me. You, the priest of God, know them better than I, the
sinner."
If Francis had been closer, he would have been able to see two tears well
up in the priest's eyes.
Can you Sacrifice Intellect?
Sior Pietro was a celebrated professor of law at the University of Bologna
. . . he had left Bologna because of the death of his most beloved student a few days
before. He had been unable to restrain himself with sorrow, and had enclosed himself in
his paternal home, refusing to see anyone . . . studying long hours into the night had
eaten away at his cheeks, and his entire face was as dry and yellow as the expensive
parchment used by monks to record Christ's Passion.
"Forgive me," he said, "if I start from the beginning. I
had a student named Guido whom I loved like my own son . . . At the age of twenty he
had the good sense and erudition of an old man. And mixed with this brilliant mind was
something which is found very seldom: passion, flaming passion. . . . A few days ago he
died."
He squeezed his lips together to hold back the rising sob . . . "On
the day of his final agonies I bent over his pillow and said to him, "Guido, my
child, if God decides to call you near Him . . . I want you to visit me one night in my
dreams and tell me what goes on in the other world."
. . . Sior Pietro's voice broke and he was forced to stop again. Finally
he managed to continue: "He came. Today at dawn . . . He was dressed in a strange
kind of robe. No, it wasn't a robe, it was hundred of strips of paper sewn together around
his body--all the manuscripts he had written during the course of his studies, and on them
were all the problems, questions, the philosphic and legal perplexities, the theological
concerns . . . He was so weighted down with papers, try as he might he could not walk.
'Guildo, my child,' I shouted at him, 'what are these . . . scraps that are preventing you
from walking?'
'I've just come from the Inferno,' he answered me, 'and I am struggling to
climb to Purgatory. But I can't. These scraps of paper are preventing me . . . '"
Sior Pietro got up. "Everything is finished now," he said.
"Before coming here I threw all my manuscripts into the fire and burned them--all my
manuscripts, all my books. I am saved . . . A new life is beginning for me, glory be to
God!"
Can you Sacrifice Violence?
"My name is Francis of Assisi. I'm also called God's sweet little pauper, and also
His buffoon . . ."
"I am a monk from Spain. I've come from the ends of the earth to obtain the pope's
permission to found an order which will make war against heretics and infidels. My name is
Domenic."
"I too asked the pope for permission to found an order and also to preach."
"To preach what , Brother Francis?"
"Perfect Poverty and perfect Love."
"And aren't you going to light wood in the middle of every village to burn all
heretics, sinners, and infidels?"
Francis shuddered. "No,no," he protested. "I am not going to kill sin by
killing sinners; I am not going to wage war against evil doers and infidels. I shall
preach love, and I shall love; I shall preach concord, and shall practice brotherly love
toward everyone in the world . . . "
"Human nature is evil---evil, cunning, demonic," the wearer of the white robe
exclaimed angrily. "The gentleness you talk about is not enough; what's needed is
force. If the body gets in the way, you must obliterate it so that the soul may be saved.
I shall burn wood in Spain, and the souls there shall abandon their bodies below on
earth in the form of ashes, and mount to heaven."
"Love!"
"Force!"
"Mercy!"
"Brother Francis, life is not a promenade where couples walk arm in arm singing
songs of love. Life is war, toil, violence! . . . Dig a well if you want a drink of water;
strike evildoers squarely on the head if you expect to do away with evil . . . Do not look
at me in terror, poor sweet little monk. Scripture itself says the same: 'Men of violence
have taken the Kingdom of heaven by force.'"
Francis sighed. "I didn't know violence was also from God. You have broadened by
mind; my heart, however, resists and cries, 'Love! Love!' But who knows: perhaps our
antithetical roads may come together and we may suddenly meet each other in the course of
our ascent to the Almighty."
"So please it God," the stranger replied. "But I am afraid you are a
lamb fallen among men -- amoung wolves. They shall eat you before you reach the goal of
the ascent. Forgive me if I tell you in all frankness what is on my mind: You know all
about love, but that is not enough. You must also learn that hate comes from God as well,
that it too is in the Lord's service. And in times like these, with the world fallen to
the state it has, hate serves God more than love." . . . He rose in order to leave.
"Farewell, Brother Domenic. Lions and lambs, love and force, light and fire, good
and evil: all things, I want you to know, climb the same mountain, the mountain of God --
only they do not know it. Hate does not know it, that's certain; love does know it, that's
equally certain . . . I am revealing to you the happy secret: one day all shall join
together at the summit where God stands with outstretched arms."
  
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